Soil maps were produced through a national project (National Soil Map and Land Use Project, NSMLUP) conducted jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre and Huntings Technical Service (UK) during the period of 1989-1995. Using the USDA classification system (USDA-SSA, 1990), the soil maps provide information on soil characteristics at the level of soil mapping unit at three levels (MOA, 1993 & 1995):
Level 1: Reconnaissance maps of the whole country at 1:250,000 scale. This level was based on analysis of Landsat TM imagery and aerial photography and a soil sampling density of one observation site/7.6 km2.
Level 2: Semi detailed maps of 9,000 km2 at 1:50,000 scale. Maps were based on panchromatic SPOT imagery digitally merged with Landsat TM and field surveys at a density of 3.5 observations/km2.
Level 3: Detailed maps at 1:10,000 scale that covered selected parts of the country (about 1,000 km2). This level was based on the interpretation of panchromatic aerial photography with soil series forming the basic mapping units. Soil surveys involved field observations at a density of 15 observations/km2.
All maps are available as hardcopy sheets (atlases) while all profile and pits were saved in Jordan Soil and Climate Information System (JOSCIS), held by the MOA. In this database, profile descriptions of sampled sites are available. Detailed physical and chemical analysis are available for some profiles and sites at level 3.
Recently, soil maps of levels 1 and 2 were converted to digital formats by the GIS team of the University of Jordan. The corresponding legends were entered into a spreadsheet and combined in ArcView GIS software with the attributes of map unit, parent material, vegetation/land use, A-horizon stoniness, rock outcrop, USDA subgroups and their percentages (each group in one column and its corresponding percentage in a separate column).
Tile soil map legend describing the individual map units is descriptive. It provides:
- A description of the main physiographic features of the region including topography, geology, climate and vegetation.
- A detailed physiographic description of the mapping unit.
- The name and mapping code of the unit.
- The subgroups which together occupy at least 80-85% of the unit as determined by the observation sites and, where possible, the distribution of the facets, with the proportion of each subgroup.
- A brief description of the soil including color, depth, texture, reaction, salinity, gradient, and topographic position.
- The equivalent ACSAD legend for the soil map of the Arab World.
At the country level, the NSMLUP divided the country into 16 land regions. In the following paragraphs, detailed descriptions and correlation of land, vegetation, land use, and dominant soil type are given at the land region level.
Land Region 1: Jordan Valley (back to map)
This unit includes the floor of the deep Graben which runs northward from the Dead Sea to the Syrian border, and contains the active valley of the River Jordan. Also included in this region are the limited areas of alluvium and Lisan deposits (Marl) along the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. The region lies within the hot, arid climatic zone. In the moisture regimes of the soil taxonomy, the southern third of the valley is aridic, the central third is ustic aridic and the northern third is ustic. The alluvia of the Ghor form the most extensively irrigated lands within the valley, supporting vegetable and fruit crops. In the north of the valley, wheat is grown on the higher lying pans of the Ghor which lie upslope of the King Abdullah canal.
Land Region 2: Wadi Araba (back to map)
This includes the Jordan Rift Valley south of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. The wadi varies in elevation from the - 392 m of the Dead Sea to a maximum of 355 m at Jebel Er Risha about two thirds of the way to Aqaba, before descending again to sea-level at Aqaba. The wadi lies wholly within the hot desert zone, with only 80 mm of annual rainfall at Ghor Safi south of the Dead Sea. It has, in Soil Taxonomy terms, a hyperthermic temperature regime and aridic moisture regime. Vegetation (Acacia sp. and various Chenopods, or salt bush) grows mostly along the eastern margins at the escarpment footslopes at the base of the alluvial fans and around wet sabkhas (salt pans).
The region is dominated by coarse stony soils with calcic horizons. Irrigated agriculture is successful on the camborthids and torrifluvents of the Ghor Safi area. Except for the torripsamments, most of the soils contain moderate to high levels of soluble salts requiring initial leaching and a high leaching fraction to maintain a favorable salt balance.
Land Region 3: Wadi Araba Escarpment (back to map)
This includes the steeply sloping and eroded lands with an altitude range of -100 m to 1250 m. The region encompasses a thermic regime in the upper third and a hyperthermic regime in the lower two thirds. The upper edge of the escarpment lies within the xeric moisture regime, grading downslope into ustic-aridic transition, then to aridic in the lower half to two thirds of the region. Xerochrepts, both typic and calcixerollic appear in the upper part of the escarpment where they occur largely in colluvial deposits and are associated with lithic subgroups. Few ustic subgroups are found in the very narrow zone in winch there are both a hyperthermic regime and significant rainfall. Aridisol great groups, comprising calciorthids and camborthids, appear in the lower parts of the escarpment while Torriorthents dominate in the Kurnub sandstone areas. In all great groups, lithic subgroups form a high proportion (up to 50 percent) of the soils, excluding rock. In the Basement Complex area, much of the escarpment is covered by a mantle of windblown sand. Ttorripsamments are the dominant great group with camborthids in mixed stony colluvium, where the sand cover is thin or non-existent, and torriorthents occur on very gravelly alluvial fans. The northern part of the region contains valuable grazing and browse, but much of it is poorly accessible even to sheep and goats. Terraced cultivation occurs in a few places around Dana village.
Land Region 4: Jordan Valley Escarpment (back to map)
This long narrow escarpment runs from the Yarmouk River in the north to Wadi Hasa in the south. The highest altitude of the escarpment is about 1200 m descending to a minimum at the Dead Sea of - 392 m. The escarpment encompasses the thermic and hyperthermic temperature regimes and the xeric, ustic, ustic-atidic and aridic moisture regimes. The complex distribution of temperature and moisture regimes in this region resulted in six map units been delineated within this region with xerochrepts and torriorthents dominating most of the region. Small areas of the northern escarpment have been planted to tree crops, while forestry plantations occur within the xeric moisture regime. The major forms of land use are grazing and browse; a number of sites have been the focus for the introduction of improved browse species, mainly near Ma'in.
Land Region 5: Araba Hills Dissected Basement Plateau (back to map)
This includes the very heavily dissected Basement Complex granite rocks and their associated colluvial and alluvial fans in the extreme southwest of the Kingdom. The region runs from the Saudi border north along the Gulf of Aqaba to the escarpment of Ras en Naqb. The region lies within the aridic moisture regime, except for a narrow strip along the upper edge of the escarpment to the Wadi Araba where there is an aridic-xeric transitional moisture regime. The entire region lies within the thermic temperature regime except for a few of the lowest level valleys. Torriorthents are the dominant soils followed by calciorthids, while small areas of torrifluvents are found in recent channels and torripsamments on dunes and sand mantles.
Vegetation is limited to the transitional moisture regime where brush steppe of Artemisia sp occurs and to the fans and wadi bottoms where moisture status is enhanced by runoff from rock faces and limited flow from higher ground to the valley bottoms. Nevertheless, the region provides important browse and to a lesser extent grazing. Only a few small areas of alluvium near the escarpment edge are ploughed for a rare crop of barley; otherwise, there is no cultivation in this region, as rainfall is inadequate and the Basement Complex is a poor aquifer.
Land Region 6: Disi Ram Highlands (back to map)
This consists of a very deeply dissected sandstone plateau bordered on the south by the Saudi border and on the north by the Ras en Naqb - Jebel el Batra escarpment with varying altitude between 750 m to 1745 m at Jebel Ram. The region consists of cliff-faced sandstone buttes and masses with wide intervening valleys running north-south and filled by deep colluvial and alluvial mantles including talus on the upper slopes; as well as sandy alluvium including significantly large mud-flats. Sandy Aeolian deposits cover much of the slopes with both recent dunes and older sand sheets. The region lies wholly within the aridic moisture and thermic temperature regimes. Rainfall is too scarce for cultivation, but occasional precipitation is channeled into wadis, basins and sandy fans to support a significant cover of shrub in these areas which provide important browse.
The Disi aquifer provides good quality water for irrigation which has been exploited to produce wheat, fodder and some vegetables using center pivot irrigation, and tree crops using drip methods. These production areas are concentrated mainly on medium and coarse textured alluvia, with only very limited finer textured depression soils included. Torripsamments are the dominant soils, reflecting the large area of Aeolian dunes and sand sheets. Calciorthids are found on colluvial fans, upper alluvial fans and some depressions. Camborthids are found mainly in medium textured alluvium and in fine textured alluvial depressions, while torriorthents are found on the stony talus slopes and upper parts of colluvial and alluvial fans.
Land Region 7: South Jordan Dissected Sandstone Plateau (back to map)
Parent materials are mainly colluvial and alluvial fans, pediment fans and gently sloping pediment on sandstone. Active wadis, with recent alluvium and depressions, and old lacustrine deposits are important components. Sand sheets cover some of the quaternary basin and lacustrine deposits in places. The sandstones in this region are silty in places and give rise to medium textured parent materials, unlike their much coarser counterparts in region 6. The altitude varies from 650 to 1150 m, with generally much less variation than region 6. The entire region lies within the aridic moisture regime and most of the southwestern portion is within the hyperthermic temperature regime. With little rainfall and a weakly developed drainage system, this region is generally very sparsely vegetated. Irrigated agriculture using fossil aquifer water is carried out near Mudawwara on medium textured alluvial soils. The soils of this region are mostly medium textured, but from stony parent material with torriorthents predominant. Other soil types include gypsiorthids, calciorthids, camborthids, and, to a less extent, torripsamments on thin sand sheets.
Land Region 8: Northern Highlands Dissected Limestone Plateau (back to map)
This agriculturally important region extends from Yarmouk River in the north to Wadi Wala in the south. The altitude range varies from sea-level to 1050 m. The entire region is typically Mediterranean and has a xeric moisture regime, with a range in precipitation between 250 mm and 500 mm. The natural vegetation includes mixed woodland, with tall grass steppe on the eastern margins.
The region contains a wide range of soil types, reflecting the wide range of physical characteristics. Xerochrepts and chromoxererts are the major soils with the typic subgroup predominantly in the western half of the region and calcixerollic in the eastern half. Lithic subgroups are occurring on the shallow eroded areas of the steeper slopes and, in particular, the hill tops and upper slopes from which most of the residual soils have been eroded. Soils of this region are mainly clay and considered the most rainfed productive soils in the Kingdom. The xerochrepts and chromoxererts of the Irbed and Madaba plains are the major cereal producing areas. Even on the more sloping xerochrepts of the western portion of the region, cereal production still occupies about half the productive area, the remainder are tree crops including olives, and summer crops such as tobacco. Irrigated agriculture, mainly for vegetables and fruit is important in most valleys where springs assure a secure water supply. Increasingly, irrigated horticultural and fruit production using rechargeable groundwater is being carried out in the plains area, particularly in the Madaba plains. Reflecting the physical complexity of this region, there are a total of 16 soil map units.
Land Region 9: Central Highlands Dissected Limestone Plateau (back to map)
This lies between the Wadi Hasa in the south and Wadi Mujib in the north, with undulating to rolling landscape with the land lies mainly between 650 m and 750 m. South of Wadi Mujib the altitude ranges between 800 m and 1300 m on the edge of the escarpment which slopes steeply down to Ghor Safi. The region has xeric moisture and thermic temperature regimes; rainfall between 200 mm and 350 mm and anarid Mediterranean climate merging to semi-arid steppe to the east.
Much of the region is cultivated and there is little natural vegetation left. Cereals are the major crops with significant areas of tobacco, sorghum and other late-season crops. Tree crops are grown along the western margins of the area; many receive supplementary irrigation from shallow rechargeable groundwater. The Xerochrepts soils occupy almost 80 percent of the region. Occurrence of a calcic horizon at depths mainly between 50-80cm, reflects the lower rainfall and reduced leaching in this region. In the west and north of the region, cracking vertisols with clay content in excess of 40 percent appear.
Land Region 10: Southern Highlands Dissected Limestone Plateau (back to map)
This region is the smallest of the eighteen and occupies the high altitude (1300-1736 m) plains and hills of the Tafila and Shobak. The area has the coldest winters and most frequent snowfall of any part of Jordan. The rainfall at Shobak averages 315 mm and the region generally is slightly drier than region 9. The region lies largely within the xeric moisture regime and wholly within the thermic temperature regime. Much of the northern half of the Region is cultivated for cereals, especially the high level plains to the east and south of Tafila. In the Shobak area about 60 percent of the rolling uplands are cultivated. Fruit orchards, in particular apples are cultivated at altitudes of 1350 and 1400 m and irrigated from groundwater. Vegetation in the non-cultivated areas is of a transitional Mediterranean type in the wetter western parts and of Artemisia bush steppe vegetation to the east. Xerochreptic soils constitutes more than 73% of this region with high stone content in the soil and at the surface; cultivated land has had to be cleared of stones to allow tillage. Along the eastern and southern margins, transitional subgroups of calciorthids and camborthids are found. On the plains near Tafila, there is a small but important area of more clayish soils which are included in the vertic xerochrepts subgroup.
Land Region 11: Jordan Highland Plateau (back to map)
Extends from Qatrana in the north to Jebel el Batra in the south with a maximum width of only 15 km. This region includes the major steppe vegetation zone, with Artemisia bush steppe south of Qatrana giving way northward to a grassland steppe characterized by Poa sp and Carex sp. Rainfall is too low and too erratic for secure cropping. However, barley can be grown in most years in valley alluvium. Increasingly, large areas of the undulating plains and the rolling, moderately steep hilly terrain come under the plough every year in the hope that the rainfall will be sufficient to germinate sown barley seeds and to produce grain. The major soil types are transitional xerochreptic subgroups of calciorthids and camborthids.
Land Region 12: Jafr Basin (back to map)
The periphery of the Jafr basin lies at about 1000 m in the north, east and south, reaches 1430 m in the southeast near Jebel el Batra and includes the lands which drain towards the central mud flat of Qa'a Jafr. The region lies within the aridic moisture and thermic temperature regimes. The main soil types include typic calciorthids and camborthids on colluvial and alluvial fans associated with cambic gypsiorthids. Torriorthents are also found in the steeply sloping, stony colluvium of the highly dissected margins of the basin. The only cultivation is groundwater irrigated horticultural production around the settlement of El Jafr. Any natural vegetation is confined to the wadi channels where occasional wadi flow provides enough moisture for perennial species, including Artemisia.
Land Region 13: East Jordan Limestone Plateau (back to map)
The largest of the regions mainly consists of the highly dissected rocks of the Umm Rijam and Muwaqqar chalk and marl formations in the west (700-1000 m altitude range), with very gently undulating paleofans and limestone plateau to the east and north; including the sediments of the Azraq depression at 500 m altitude. A feature of the region is the large number of very broad, shallow wadi channels running eastward to the Azraq-Sirhan depressions. The region has arid moisture regime and hyperthermic temperature regime. The area is very sparsely vegetated with the exception of the numerous broad wadi channels that support significant vegetation of palatable species, which provide browse for sheep. In the north, barley is grown very occasionally when there is adequate wadi flow. Otherwise, there is no cultivation within this region. Major soil subgroups are the typic camborthids and calciorthids. Gypsiorthids are the dominant soils in parts of the Azraq Basin and on the lowest gravel terraces around the Basin, with a horizon of I0-20 cm thickness with a high content of 'sugary' crystalline gypsum which lies immediately above the weakly weathered parent rock. Torriorthents and torrifluvents are found in the middle and lower reaches of the wadis. An important feature of the wadi soils of all subgroups is their relatively low salinity.
Region 14: Hafira-Jinz Depressions (back to map)
This region includes the area of more or less internal drainage, along faultlines. Most of the region lies at an altitude between 850 m and 900 m. Aridic moisture and thermic temperature regimes dominate the area. However, along the margins of the Qa'a and in some wadis a xeric-aridic transitional moisture regime is found. There is only very sparse vegetation on the gently sloping gravel plains of the weakly dissected plateau. Dense vegetation cover of Retama raetam, Artemisia sp and Atriplex sp is found on the outer margins of the Qa'a. The major soil subgroup is typic camborthids and, to a less extent, typic calciorthids on the slopes and hill crests overlying Muwaqqar Chalk and Marl. Torriorthents occur predominantly on the steep colluvial and talus slopes of the deeply dissected Umm Rijam chert.
Land Region 15: North Jordan Basalt Plateau (back to map)
This region, located in the north of the country, parallel to the Syrian border, consists of a basaltic lava plateau which fans out from the main lava source in the area of Jebel Druze in the Syrian Republic. Only the two most recent flows outcrop and form soil parent rock. The most recent is very little weathered and soil formation on it is minimal. Over much of the region, Aeolian silt is likely to have also contributed to the soil parent materials. Transitional xeric-aridic moisture regime is dominant while xeric regime exists in a few wadis and depressions. The thermic temperature regime dominant all over the region, except the southern margins at Azraq Basin where a hyperthermic temperature regime prevails. The major soil subgroups are xeric and xerochreptic calciorthids on the middle and upper slopes of the interfluves. Xerochreptic paleorthids are the second most common subgroup on the very gently sloping interfluves. Lithic subgroups are also common in this area on the crests and craters while camborthids occur in the valleys, basins and lower footslopes.
The region is located within the grassland steppe zone. Artemisia occurs on some slopes and in valleys, but the major vegetation is a turf of mainly Poa sinica and Carex pachstylis which covers the boulder-strewn land surface. Limited areas of rainfed wheat are gown near the Syrian border, and barley is grown in valleys and a few depressions. This region was one of the first parts of Jordan to develop bore-hole irrigation and clearing of stones and boulders from the land surface was carried out for cultivating land with vegetables under drip irrigation. A feature of irrigation in this area is the rapid build up of salinity which resulted in many abandoned farms across this region.
Land Region 16: North-East Jordan Basalt Plateau (back to map)
This region includes the lava flows from the Syrian border at an altitude of 1100 m in the north to Wadi Sirhan in the south at the border of Saudi Arabia with an elevation of 450 m. The region is entirely within the aridic moisture regime, thermic temperature regime in the north and hyperthermic temperature regime in the southwest. In the south, the area is less well defined with the basalts overlaying limestones and in turn overlain by aeolian sand. Depositional basins of up to 7 km2 and volcanic cones are features of this region. Within these basins, the soil moisture regime is more properly xeric-aridic transitional. On ridge crests, interfluves and slopes, there is only sparse vegetation. Dense vegetation cover, including Artemisia raetama, and various forbs is found around margins of depressions. Barley is grown where the larger wadis flow into the basins. Therefore, these basin areas are important source of dry season browse and grazing.
Typic Camborthids are the dominant soil subgroup followed by lithic torriorthents and typic calciorthids with dense calcic horizons which have the appearance of weathered chalk when first dug. The most saline areas of the region are usually dominated by cambic gypsiorthids in association with typic camborthids. Typic xerochrepts and xeric torriorthents occur around the margins of basins, and in the wadi alluvium of the lower reaches of the larger wadis. An important characteristic of the region is the shallow soil depth in almost 30% of the area.
Land Region 17: North-East Jordan Limestone Plateau (back to map)
Occupying the so-called "panhandle" of the northeast of Jordan which is bordered by Syria in the north, Iraq in the east and Saudi Arabia in the south, the region is an undulating plateau formed on Tertiary limestones with altitude ranging from 960 m in the southeast to a minimum altitude of 600 m in the northwest at the Syrian border. Over most of the area slopes seldom exceed 5 percent. The region has aridic moisture and the thermic temperature regimes. In the south of the area, the vegetation is confined largely to the broad wadi channels, but increasingly to the northeast toward the Syrian border, steppe grassland covers interfluves and slopes. Within the channels, Artemisia herba-alba and Siedlitiza rosmarinifolia, Poa and Carex sp occur in broad arcs running across the channels.
The dominant soil subgroup is the typic camborthids with a stony silty clay loam or silty clay texture, yellowish red to red color and a very strongly developed angular blocky structure. The surface is typically a gravel covered desert pavement. Typic calciorthids are found on old terraces, fans and on more sloping sites. Lithic camborthids and torriorthents occur on the slopes to wadi channels and depressions, and to the east of the Wadi Ruweishid north of the Azraq-Iraq highway. Cambic gypsiorthids are recognized in Qa'a' soils while some wadi channels contain typic torrifluvents. The wadi alluvium is relatively shallow, even in the major Wadi Ruweishid, seldom exceeding 2 m and often less than 1 m. It overlies older, weathered soils derived either from Pleistocene alluvium or Tertiary limestone and chalks. The younger upper alluvium has a high silt content with aeolian dust a likely component. The older, weathered, soil material has a higher clay content. These observations and properties are evidences of the high rate of desertification that altered the characteristics of the area. So far, the area is still suffering from high erosion by water and wind accelerated by ploughing and unregulated grazing.
Land Region 18: Ajloun Highlands Dissected Limestone Plateau (back to map)
This region occupies the higher elevations to the north and south of the Zarqa River and includes its reaches and catchments. The maximum altitude within the region is the 1247 m of Jebel Um Ed Darat. The plateau level generally exceeds 1000 m and decrease to 500 m in the major valleys of the Zarqa River catchment which flows to the Jordan Valley. The region is characterized by very deep dissection of the plateau by the Zarqa and its tributaries, and by the wadis following to the Jordan Valley, producing long, very steep slopes on the valley sides, rounded crests, ridges and interfluves, and the undulating remnants of the former plateau; the highest elevations show karstic features. The dissected plateau formed mainly in rocks of the Ajlun Group including Wadi Es Sir Limestone and Naur Limestone Formations. Limited areas of the Belqa Group limestone are included; mainly Amman Silicified Chert Formation. The valleys contain bottom slope colluvium, and recent and terrace alluvium. In the deeper valleys the incision may reach the Kurnub sandstone which underlies the Ajloun Group Limestone.
Region 18 has the highest rainfall in Jordan, in excess of 500 mm, and a sub-humid Mediterranean climate that supports the highest proportion of oak and pine forest in the country. The region has a xeric moisture and a thermic temperature regimes. Intensive rainfed agriculture is taking place in the area, particularly cultivation of fruit trees of wild cultivars and olive groves. Cereal crops are grown on the undulating plateau remnants and in the larger valleys. Description and analysis of existing and potential land use of this region is detailed by Al-Bakri (2005 a&b).
The dominant soil subgroup is typic xerochrepts with more than 5% calcixerollic xerochrepts. Soils of these subgroups have low content of calcium and include yellowish red silt clay and brown and strong brown clays of the same texture. The redder variant corresponds to the old "terra rosa" classification and occurs mainly on the undulating plateau deposits, steep upper slopes and in lower valley slope mantles. The brown variant occurs in colluvial material of steep middle and upper slopes. Lithic xerochrepts and xerothents together comprise 30% of the region with shallow stony clays and silty clay with reddish and brown colored soils. True vertisols of vertic xerochrepts occur on, with a very low percentage, the undulating plateau remnants and in some of the wadi bottom alluvium. Haploxerolls with their moderate to high organic matter occupy about 4% of the region. Rock outcrops are a common feature of the landscape of this region. Therefore, lithic subgroups and rock together occupy about 60% of the region, and emphasizes the fragile nature of the soil environment and the importance of the relatively small proportion of good, deeper soils. A high rate of land degradation is indicated in this region. Replacement of landraces and local varieties by improved cultivated ones is a common-widespread threat to almost all the local crop species (cereal, forage and fruit/nut crops). Improper farming practices that accelerate soil erosion, woodland and forest cutting, land fragmentation and uncontrolled expansion of urban and rural settlement at the cost of cultivable land are the major causes of land degradation in this region (Khresat et al., 1998; Taimeh, 1989; Al-Bakri 2005a&b).
For further characterization of soil types within the different land region, the land region map was compared with the reconnaissance soil map to estimate percentage of each soil type within the different land regions. Results of this analysis are shown in the following table.
Analysis of dominant soil types within the different land regions. |
|||
| Region |
# of units |
% area |
Dominant soil subgroups |
| 1 |
3 |
0.61 |
Ustochreptic and ustollic camborthids and calciorthids, ustic torriorthents. |
| 2 |
8 |
2.48 |
Typic calciorthids and camborthids, typic torriorthents, typic torripsamments, typic and lithic torriorthents. |
| 3 |
4 |
2.76 |
Typic and lithic xerochrepts, lithic and calcixerollic xerochrepts, typic calciorthids and camborthids |
| 4 |
6 |
2.55 |
Calcixerollic and typic xerochrepts, typic and lithic torriorthents, ustochreptic calciorthids and camborthids |
| 5 |
3 |
1.18 |
Typic and lithic torriorthents, typic camborthids and calciorthids |
| 6 |
9 |
5.38 |
Typic calciorthids, torripsamments and torriorthents |
| 7 |
7 |
3.30 |
Lithic and typic torriorthents, typic camborthids, cambic gypsiorthids |
| 8 |
16 |
4.31 |
Calcixerollic, lithic and typic xerochrepts, typic and entic chromoxererts |
| 9 |
5 |
0.86 |
Calcixerollic and lithic xerochrepts, vertic xerochrepts |
| 10 |
7 |
1.03 |
Calcixerollic and typic xerochrepts |
| 11 |
18 |
6.58 |
Xerochreptic calciorthids and camborthids |
| 12 |
17 |
12.01 |
Typic calciorthids and camborthids, lithic and typic torriorthents |
| 13 |
21 |
22.30 |
Typic camborthids and calciorthids, cambic and lithic gypsiorthids |
| 14 |
7 |
3.93 |
Typic camborthids and calciorthids |
| 15 |
7 |
3.05 |
Xerochreptic calciorthids and Lithic xerochrepts |
| 16 |
8 |
11.06 |
Typic camborthids, cambic and calcic gypsiorthids |
| 17 |
11 |
15.75 |
Typic camborthids and calciorthids |
| 18 |
3 |
0.85 |
Typic and lithic xerochrepts |
